General Discussion

Fly ash is a fine, powdery byproduct produced during the combustion of pulverized coal in thermal power plants. Composed primarily of silica, alumina, and iron oxide, it is collected from the flue gases using electrostatic precipitators or bag filters. As a pozzolanic material, fly ash reacts with calcium hydroxide in the presence of water to form cementitious compounds, making it a valuable additive in concrete and cement production. Its use enhances workability, durability, and strength while reducing permeability and heat generation in concrete structures.

Additionally, fly ash contributes to sustainable construction by recycling industrial waste and lowering carbon emissions associated with cement manufacturing. It is also utilized in soil stabilization, road base construction, and landfill applications, showcasing its versatility in engineering and environmental projects. Proper management of fly ash is essential to prevent environmental contamination, as it may contain trace heavy metals.